Internal-combustion engine



Octf 4 1927 K. EIERM'ANN INTERNAL vc oNuzaJsHN ENGINE Filed Aug. '1. 192s @MQW I b odying a perforated Patented Oct. 4, 1927.

l UNITED STATES PATENT lo Application led August 7, 1926, Serial No.

This invention relates to internal combustion engines of the injection type and its main objects are the provisionl of means whereby an increased output'of the engine combined with utmost economy of fuel may be obtained.

A further object is to provide an improved manner of distribution of the injected fuel in the combustion chamber and effecting a thorough mixture of the fuel with the air in reduction of the heat losses in the gaseous mixture during its first phase of expansion after ignition.

Other objects are the elimination of undesirable pressure increases during the process of combustion, and the injection of the. fuel under comparatively low pump pressures such as are usual in engines havinga so-called ignition chamber to serve as a preliminary combustion chamber.

WVith these and other objects in view, the invention mainly consists in the provisionl of an engine of the said type in which the principles of an ignition chamber engine and of a direct 'injection engine are so combined as to fully secure the advantages of both these types Without, however, incurring their disadvantages.

To this end the engine according to the with a distributor emclosed hol'low body of substantially globular form or withinside walls in contour conforming substantially to the shape of a jet of fuel injected thereinto, while its outside wall corresponds in shape substantially to a semi-spherical cavity formed in the top of the piston, the arrangement being such that any large cooling surfaces are eliminated during the first phase of expansion, and that, on the other hand, scorching of the distributor is prevented by its metallic connection with the water-cooled cylinder head.

The accompanying drawing illustrates the invention by way of example. Fig. 1 shows a central lon itudinal section through the top portion o? an engine cylinder in a more diagrammatic manner, and Fig. 2 is a cross sectional view through a modified form of distributor.

The piston of the en ine is denoted Vby the letter a, the water-coo ed cylinder cover by lthe letter b, and the injection valve by c.

invention is provided The distributor d, havingoriices or perforathe cylinder, as. well as al 1,644,517 f FFICE.

diin Germany November Lft, 1924.

tions e in its walls, is lscrewed o r otherwise secured 'into the cylinder cover and in this way is in heat conducting connection with the water-cooled parts of the engine cylinder. For the `purpose of obtaining a proper starting of the ignition process and an unobstructed passage of the gases from the distributor into the distributor body d is shown in a globular forni having its inne-r wall pear-shaped or conforming substantially to the shape of a jet of fuel nozzled or entering thereinto from the injection valve, while its outside wall is made to correspond in shape substantially to a semi-spherical cavity f in the piston which substantially encompasses the lower end of the distributor body in the upper dead center position of the piston and serves as a preliminary combustion chamberv Within which the irst combustion and eX- pansion phases are caused to take p'lace. The illustrated arrangement of the distrib` utor al concentrically within said cavity (when the piston is in its upper dead centre gosition), and of the large number oforices or small perforations `e in the distributor, ensures the distribution of the fuel in such manner that the small individual jets of thev fuel emanating from said perforations will impinge only upon the walls of the' semi-sperical cavity in the piston. As these walls of heat due to cooling influences of cylinder walls are incurred and it is evident that by this manner of fuel distribution, which proceeds comparatively s'low in relation to the traveling speed of the piston, a practically constant pressure during the. combustion stroke is obtained and the occurance of in` jurious pressure increases, successfully prevented.

Owing to the fact that the outer Wall of the distributor d conforms substantially to the shape of the combustion chamber or cavity in the piston, and due to the disposition or arrangement of the small perforations e therein, the fuel, which i's ejected under high pressure through` said perforations, penetrates the highly compressed air in the combustion chamber in a iinely dividl the combustion chamber,

are entirely uncooled, no losses ed state and thus ensures complete combus' i impart a spiral motionto'the gases. exlrianat-` v` ing therefrom.

v the metallic connection of the distributor I ing substantially to tion chambervin 'the distributor being pear-shaped 4substantially to the shape of a' jet' of fuel havlng an uncooled substantially semi-sp with the water-cooled portions of the cylinder cover, into which the said distributor isv screwed or otherwise secured.

What I claim is l. In an internal combustion'en'gine working on the injection principle, a piston adapted to reciprocate in the engine cylinder and having a semi-spherical combustion chamber formed in its head,`a fuel injection valve and a Vsubstantially pearshaped perforated ignition chamber into which said valve injects fuel, the 'outer wall of said ignition chamber being of a shape conformthe shape of the combusiston head and serving to distribute the'fue or burning gases emanating from the interior thereof evenly over or within the combustion chamber.

2. In an internal combustion en 'ne workingon the injection principle an having a water-cooled working cylinder, a piston ada ted to reciprocate in said cylinder land erical cavity in the head thereof providlng a combustion chamber for fuel, a fuel injection valve, a fuel distributor into which fuel is injected through said valve, comprisinga rforated globular-shaped chamber secured to the cylinder head in position to project into the combustion chamber in the piston head concentricall ,therewith and through which the inecte fuel discharges into the combustion chamber, the inner wall of said to conform from the injection valve and the outer wall thereof being of a sha e conformin substantially to the shapeo said semi-sp erical cavit in the piston,

3. n an internal combustion en ing on the injection principle an water-cooled working cyllnder, a piston adapted to reciprocate in 'said cylinderand having an ical cavity providing a combustion chamber ine workhavmg a uncooled substantially semi-spherin its head, a'fuel injection valve, a fuel distributor secured to the rcylinder head in pof sition to project into said cavity in the piston head and into which fuel is injected through said'valve, said distributor being of hollow globular formhaving an inner wall of pear-shape conforming substantially to a jet of fuel injected thereinto and an outer wall conforming substantially with the shape of the-semi-spherical cavity in the piston and provided with perforations for dischargin fuel or burntjgases therefrom, the radial istance of all points on the outer surface of the distributor to the wall of the semi-spherical cavity in the piston being the l same. v

4. In an internal combustionen ine working on the injectionfprinciple an having a water-cooled working cylinder, a piston hav-v ing an uncooled substantially semi-spherical cavity formed in it" head serving asa combustion chamber, a` fuel -injection valve, a fuel distributor secured to the cylinder head in position to project lconcentrically into said cavity in the piston head when the piston is in its upper dead center position and into which fuel is injected through said valve, said distributor being of hollow' globular form having an inner wall shapedl to conform substantially to a jet of fuel injecting thereinto and an outer wall conforming substantially with theA shape of the semispherical cavity in the piston and provided with` tangentially disposed lperforations for dischargin fuel or 'burnt gases therefrom with a spiral-like motion' vinto the combus tion chamber.

V5. In an .internal comb-ustion Y engine adapted semi-spherical cavity in the head thereof serving as a combustion chamber within the cylinder, a fuel injection valve and a globular-shaped perforated ignition chamber and distributor into which fuel is initially 1n- 'ected through said valve, saidchamber hav- 1n its innerwall of pear-shape conforming su stantially to the shape of a jet of the fuel injected thereinto and its oute'r wall conforming substantially to the shape of said cavity 1n the piston head by which the lower end of the charnber is substantially encompassed and into which the latter is adaptedv to project and distribute fuel concentrically thereof. when the piston is in its upper dead center position.

Intestimony whereof I aix my signature.

KARL niEanguu.

to work on the injection principle, a reciprocating piston having .a substantially iis 

